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Implicações musculares e cinemáticas na respiração de orientação e alternada em natação de Águas Abertas
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Abstract(s)
O objetivo do presente estudo é a comparação das implicações da respiração de orientação e alternada nos nadadores em Águas Abertas, nos parâmetros cinemáticos e musculares numa distância de 5000 m em contexto natural, nomeadamente num lago. A amostra foi constituída por 9 nadadores do sexo masculino (25.4 ± 11.9 anos), massa corporal (75.9 ± 9.0 kg); altura (180.7 ± 6.7 cm); envergadura (185.6 ± 10.3 cm) e com 7 anos de treino e participação no Circuito Nacional de Águas Abertas, realizaram 10x500 metros à máxima intensidade na técnica de crol com intervalo de 30 segundos para verificação do equipamento e abastecimento. As variáveis cinemáticas foram, Frequência Gestual (FG), Velocidade (V), Distância de Ciclo (DC), Índice de Braçada (IB) foram analisadas, bem como a atividade muscular através de eletromiografia de superficie em 7 músculos; Upper Trapezius (UT); Latissimus Dorsi (LD); Pectoral Major (PM); Posterior Deltoid (PD); Anterior Deltoid (AD); Triceps Brachii (TB); Biceps Brachii (BB). Com a realização do teste ANOVA de medidas repetidas, Greenhouse-Geisser, os resultados mostram que existiram diferenças significativas; a FG foi aumentando (17.5-19.5 ciclos-min-1) dos 500m aos 1500m e dos 3500m aos 5000m (F=4.79, p=0.01, η2=0.37); a Velocidade foi diminuindo ao longo do percurso (1.39-1.33 m.s), com aumento nos 4500m até ao final do percurso (F=2.88, p=0.03, η2=0.02), a DC foi diminuindo ao longo do percurso principalmente dos 500m aos 2500m (F=4.47, p=0.00, η2=0.35), o IB foi diminuindo ao longo percurso em particular dos 500m aos 2500m (F=3.78, p=0.01, η2=0.32). Ao nível das alterações musculares, os músculos TB (F=1.84, p=0.07, η2=0.18) e PM (F=4.15, p=0.00, η2=0.34) apresentaram diferenças significativas na ativação no recrutamento muscular ao longo de todo o percurso, na condição respiração alternada em relação às fases subaquáticas e de recuperação. No caso do músculo AD (F=3.65, p=0.00, η2=0.31) acabou por apresentar diferenças significativas ao nível muscular nas distâncias 500m, 1000m, 2000m, 3000m e 5000m, na condição de respiração de orientação em relação a ambas as fases.
Os resultados indicam que os nadadores, utilizam como estratégia o aumento da FG e diminuição das restantes variáveis, de modo a controlarem a sua cadência de nado.
The aim of the present study is to compare the implications of guided and alternate breathing in Open Water swimmers, kinematic and muscular parameters over a distance of 5000 m in a natural context, namely in a lake. The sample consisted of 9 male swimmers (25.4 ± 11.9 years old), body mass (75.9 ± 9.0 kg), height (180.7 ± 6.7 cm), wingspan (185.6 ± 10.3 cm) and with 7 years of training and participation in the National Open Water Circuit, performed 10x500 meters at maximum intensity in the crol technique with a 30-second interval to check the equipment and supply. The kinematic variables were, kinematic variables, Stroke Rate (SR), Speed (V), Cycle Distance (CD), Stroke Index (SI) were analyzed, as well as muscle activity through surface electromyography in 7 muscles; Upper Trapezius (UT); Latissimus Dorsi (LD); Pectoral Major (PM); Posterior Deltoid (PD); Anterior Deltoid (AD); Triceps Brachii (TB); Biceps Brachii (BB). With the performance of the Greenhouse-Geisser repeated measures ANOVA test, the results show that there were significant differences; GF increased (17.5-19.5 cycles-min-1) from 500m to 1500m and from 3500m to 5000m (F=4.79, p=0.01, η2=0.37); Velocity decreased along the course (1.33-1.39 m.s), with an increase in 4500m until the end of the course (F=2.88, p=0.03, η2=0.02), WC decreased along the course mainly from 500m to 2500m (F=4.47, p=0.00, η2=0.35), BI decreased along the course, particularly from 500m to 2500m (F=3.78, p=0.01, η2=0.32). In terms of muscle alterations, the TB (F=1.84, p=0.07, η2=0.18) and PM (F=4.15, p=0.00, η2=0.34) muscles showed greater activation in muscle recruitment along the entire course, in the condition of no breathing in relation to the underwater and recovery phases. In terms of muscle alterations, the TB (F=1.84, p=0.07, η2=0.18) and PM (F=4.15, p=0.00, η2=0.34) muscles showed greater activation in muscle recruitment along the entire course, in the alternate breathing condition in relation to the underwater and recovery phases. In the case of the AD muscle (F=3.65, p=0.00, η2=0.31) it ended up having a greater recruitment at the muscular level in the distances 500m, 1000m, 2000m, 3000m and 5000m, in the condition of orientation breathing in relation to both phases. The results indicate that swimmers use as a strategy the increase of SR and decrease of the other variables, in order to control their swimming cadence.
The aim of the present study is to compare the implications of guided and alternate breathing in Open Water swimmers, kinematic and muscular parameters over a distance of 5000 m in a natural context, namely in a lake. The sample consisted of 9 male swimmers (25.4 ± 11.9 years old), body mass (75.9 ± 9.0 kg), height (180.7 ± 6.7 cm), wingspan (185.6 ± 10.3 cm) and with 7 years of training and participation in the National Open Water Circuit, performed 10x500 meters at maximum intensity in the crol technique with a 30-second interval to check the equipment and supply. The kinematic variables were, kinematic variables, Stroke Rate (SR), Speed (V), Cycle Distance (CD), Stroke Index (SI) were analyzed, as well as muscle activity through surface electromyography in 7 muscles; Upper Trapezius (UT); Latissimus Dorsi (LD); Pectoral Major (PM); Posterior Deltoid (PD); Anterior Deltoid (AD); Triceps Brachii (TB); Biceps Brachii (BB). With the performance of the Greenhouse-Geisser repeated measures ANOVA test, the results show that there were significant differences; GF increased (17.5-19.5 cycles-min-1) from 500m to 1500m and from 3500m to 5000m (F=4.79, p=0.01, η2=0.37); Velocity decreased along the course (1.33-1.39 m.s), with an increase in 4500m until the end of the course (F=2.88, p=0.03, η2=0.02), WC decreased along the course mainly from 500m to 2500m (F=4.47, p=0.00, η2=0.35), BI decreased along the course, particularly from 500m to 2500m (F=3.78, p=0.01, η2=0.32). In terms of muscle alterations, the TB (F=1.84, p=0.07, η2=0.18) and PM (F=4.15, p=0.00, η2=0.34) muscles showed greater activation in muscle recruitment along the entire course, in the condition of no breathing in relation to the underwater and recovery phases. In terms of muscle alterations, the TB (F=1.84, p=0.07, η2=0.18) and PM (F=4.15, p=0.00, η2=0.34) muscles showed greater activation in muscle recruitment along the entire course, in the alternate breathing condition in relation to the underwater and recovery phases. In the case of the AD muscle (F=3.65, p=0.00, η2=0.31) it ended up having a greater recruitment at the muscular level in the distances 500m, 1000m, 2000m, 3000m and 5000m, in the condition of orientation breathing in relation to both phases. The results indicate that swimmers use as a strategy the increase of SR and decrease of the other variables, in order to control their swimming cadence.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de mestre em Desporto - Atividades desportivas para crianças
Keywords
natação de Águas Abertas atividade muscular eletromiografia respiração cinemática open Water Swimming muscle activity electromyography breathing kinematics