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Estratégias de cálculo mental na resolução de problemas de matemática no 1º e no2º ciclos do Ensino Básico
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
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| 5.17 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
O presente relatório surge da prática pedagógica realizada no decorrer do Mestrado em Ensino do 1.º Ciclo e Matemática e Ciências Naturais do 2.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico (CEB), na Escola Superior de Educação do Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, sendo composto por duas partes principais. A primeira parte tem como foco a descrição e reflexão do percurso realizado nas práticas de ensino supervisionadas, quer no 1.º ciclo quer no 2.º ciclo. A segunda parte corresponde à componente investigativa na qual estão contemplados os objetivos da investigação, o devido enquadramento teórico da mesma, a metodologia utilizada no estudo, os participantes, a análise de dados e as devidas conclusões. Esta investigação teve como foco as estratégias de cálculo mental utilizadas pelos alunos do 1.º e do 2.º CEB, mais precisamente do 3.º ano e do 5.º ano de escolaridade, na resolução de problemas. O estudo tem um caráter qualitativo em que se descreve a utilização das estratégias de cálculo mental na resolução de problemas. Este segue um design de teaching experiment, sendo que parte da observação dos alunos para a criação de uma sequência de aprendizagem, envolvendo a resolução de problemas. Os dados foram recolhidos através da resolução de problemas dos alunos. Neste estudo, as resoluções dos alunos foram analisadas tendo como foco as estratégias mobilizadas, mas também, as suas principais dificuldades e as representações utilizadas. Os resultados evidenciam o uso de estratégias e representações diversas, mas dificuldades na execução dos cálculos. Destaca-se a importância do reforço conceptual e da prática de estratégias de cálculo mental diversificadas em tarefas de diferentes naturezas, em particular, em contexto de resolução de problemas.
This report results from the practice of teaching carried out during the Master's Degree in Teaching of 1st Cycle and Mathematics and Natural Sciences in 2nd Cycle of Basic Education, at School of Education of the Santarém Polytechnic University and it’s divided into two main parts. The first part is focused on describing and reflecting the path taken in supervised teaching practices, both in the 1st and 2nd cycles. The second part corresponds to the research component, which covers the research goals, its proper theoretical framework, the methodology used in the study, the participants, the data analysis and its conclusions. This research was focused on the mental calculation strategies used by 1st and 2nd Cycle of Basic Education students, more precisely in 3rd and 5th grade students, while solving problems. The study has a qualitative nature in which the use of mental calculation strategies used in problem solving is described. It follows a teaching experiment design, whereby part of the observation of students in the creation of a learning sequence involves problem solving. The data was collected through the students' problem solving. In this study, the students' answers were analyzed, focusing on the strategies used, but also on their main difficulties and the representations used. The results highlight the use of a variety of strategies and several representations, but difficulties in carrying out the calculation. It stood out the importance of conceptual reinforcement and the practice of diverse mental calculations strategies in tasks of different natures, particularly in a problem-solving context.
This report results from the practice of teaching carried out during the Master's Degree in Teaching of 1st Cycle and Mathematics and Natural Sciences in 2nd Cycle of Basic Education, at School of Education of the Santarém Polytechnic University and it’s divided into two main parts. The first part is focused on describing and reflecting the path taken in supervised teaching practices, both in the 1st and 2nd cycles. The second part corresponds to the research component, which covers the research goals, its proper theoretical framework, the methodology used in the study, the participants, the data analysis and its conclusions. This research was focused on the mental calculation strategies used by 1st and 2nd Cycle of Basic Education students, more precisely in 3rd and 5th grade students, while solving problems. The study has a qualitative nature in which the use of mental calculation strategies used in problem solving is described. It follows a teaching experiment design, whereby part of the observation of students in the creation of a learning sequence involves problem solving. The data was collected through the students' problem solving. In this study, the students' answers were analyzed, focusing on the strategies used, but also on their main difficulties and the representations used. The results highlight the use of a variety of strategies and several representations, but difficulties in carrying out the calculation. It stood out the importance of conceptual reinforcement and the practice of diverse mental calculations strategies in tasks of different natures, particularly in a problem-solving context.
Description
Keywords
Aprendizagem Estratégias de Cálculo Mental Matemática Prática pedagógica Resolução de problemas Learning Mental Calculation Strategies Mathematics Pedagogical practice Problem solving
Citation
Publisher
Instituto Politécnico de Santarém
CC License
Without CC licence