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Impacto de um Programa de Atividade Física no Bem-estar Subjetivo em Diabéticos tipo II
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Abstract(s)
Com o aumento do interesse pelo bem-estar da população mais envelhecida, bem como pelos motivos que os levam a participar em sessões de exercício têm surgido diversos estudos. Não obstante, o bem-estar começa a ser considerado, de igual modo como um fator importante para a longevidade e qualidade de vida na população mais idosa, em especial com doenças crónicas como é o caso do diabetes tipo II.
Assim, o principal objetivo desta dissertação foi analisar os motivos para a prática de um programa de exercício físico, bem como analisar impacto de um programa de exercício físico no bem-estar subjetivo dos participantes, em sujeitos com diabetes tipo II. No estudo 1 (motivos para a prática de exercício físico) verificou-se que os motivos mais importantes eram a saúde, desenvolvimento competências e a afiliação social. Em contraste, os sujeitos valorizam menos os fatores imagem e o reconhecimento social. No estudo 2 (bem-estar subjetivo no exercício físico) verificou-se que os sujeitos valorizam mais a satisfação com a vida e afetos positivos, e valorizam menos os afetos negativos.
Apesar de este estudo contribuir para perceber os principais motivos para a prática e qual a sua influência no bem-estar subjetivo dos sujeitos, o mesmo apresentou algumas limitações, nomeadamente: futuros estudos deverão considerar a inclusão de um grupo de controlo, de forma a que os resultados possam ser mais precisos, e assim termos uma maior certeza sobre o efeito que este programa tem nesta população. Para além disso, a amostra foi reduzida, o que limita a extrapolação dos dados, sugere-se por isso que estudos futuros possam analisar as mesmas variáveis com amostras mais abrangentes. Adicionalmente, estudos futuros neste âmbito deverão considerar inclusão de outras variáveis (e.g., avaliação objetiva da atividade física, diferenças entre sexos).
Apesar das limitações identificadas estes tipos de programas parecem ser úteis e eficazes, pois com a prática de exercício físico, esta parece influenciar de forma positiva os afetos e a perceção que os sujeitos têm da satisfação com a vida e bem-estar subjetivo.
With the increase in interest in the well-being of the older population, as well as for the reasons that lead them to participate in exercise sessions, several studies have emerged. Nevertheless, well-being is beginning to be considered, as well as an important factor for longevity and quality of life in the elderly population, especially with chronic diseases such as type II diabetes. Thus, the main objective of this dissertation was to analyze the reasons for the practice of a physical exercise program, as well as to analyze the impact of a physical exercise program on the subjective well-being of the participants, in subjects with type II diabetes. In study 1 (reasons for the practice of physical exercise) it was found that the most important reasons were health, skills development and social affiliation. In contrast, subjects value image and social recognition factors less. In study 2 (subjective well-being in physical exercise), it was found that the subjects value life satisfaction and positive affects more, and less value negative affects. Although this study contributes to understand the main reasons for the practice and its influence on the subjects' subjective well-being, it presented some limitations, namely: future studies should consider the inclusion of a control group, so that the results can be more accurate, and thus we can be more certain about the effect that this program has on this population. In addition, the sample was reduced, which limits the extrapolation of the data, so it is suggested that future studies may analyze the same variables with more comprehensive samples. In addition, future studies in this area should consider the inclusion of other variables (e.g., objective assessment of physical activity, gender differences). Despite the limitations identified, these types of programs seem to be useful and effective, because with the practice of physical exercise, it seems to positively influence the affections and the perception that the subjects have of satisfaction with life and subjective well-being.
With the increase in interest in the well-being of the older population, as well as for the reasons that lead them to participate in exercise sessions, several studies have emerged. Nevertheless, well-being is beginning to be considered, as well as an important factor for longevity and quality of life in the elderly population, especially with chronic diseases such as type II diabetes. Thus, the main objective of this dissertation was to analyze the reasons for the practice of a physical exercise program, as well as to analyze the impact of a physical exercise program on the subjective well-being of the participants, in subjects with type II diabetes. In study 1 (reasons for the practice of physical exercise) it was found that the most important reasons were health, skills development and social affiliation. In contrast, subjects value image and social recognition factors less. In study 2 (subjective well-being in physical exercise), it was found that the subjects value life satisfaction and positive affects more, and less value negative affects. Although this study contributes to understand the main reasons for the practice and its influence on the subjects' subjective well-being, it presented some limitations, namely: future studies should consider the inclusion of a control group, so that the results can be more accurate, and thus we can be more certain about the effect that this program has on this population. In addition, the sample was reduced, which limits the extrapolation of the data, so it is suggested that future studies may analyze the same variables with more comprehensive samples. In addition, future studies in this area should consider the inclusion of other variables (e.g., objective assessment of physical activity, gender differences). Despite the limitations identified, these types of programs seem to be useful and effective, because with the practice of physical exercise, it seems to positively influence the affections and the perception that the subjects have of satisfaction with life and subjective well-being.
Description
Dissertação conducente ao grau de Mestre em Atividade Física em Populações Especiais
Keywords
atividade física exercício físico bem-estar subjetivo diabetes tipo II motivos satisfação com a vida afetos physical activity subjective well-being type II diabetes motives life satisfaction affections