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- Impact analysis of BPN in subjective happiness, subjective vitality and physical sctivity in an elderly portuguese populationPublication . Couto, Nuno; Antunes, Raul; Monteiro, Diogo; Moutão, João; Marinho, Daniel; Cid, LuisThe goal of this work is to analyze the impact of elderly Portuguese individuals’ global perception of satisfying basic psychological needs in the areas of subjective happiness, subjective vitality and physical activity through a structural equations model. The way of well-being differs according to the amount of physical activity practiced in Portuguese elderly was also analyzed. Participants included 309 elderly people (242 females, 67 males) of Portuguese nationality who practice different levels of physical activity. Their ages range from 60 to 90 years old (M=68.59; DP=6.60). The obtained results show that the perception of basic psychological needs in Portuguese elderly people’s lives are a positive predictor of subjective happiness and subjective vitality. Also, the results verified that elderly people who perceive higher levels of competence practice more physical activity. Consequently, it is also possible to conclude that elderly people who participate in more physical activities perceive greater levels of subjective happiness and subjective vitality.
- Validação da subjetive happiness scale (shs) e influência da atividade física sobre a felicidade dos idosos portuguesesPublication . Couto, Nuno; Antunes, Raul; Monteiro, Diogo; Vitorino, Anabela; Moutão, João; Marinho, Daniel; Cid, LuisEste estudo objetivou validar a versão portuguesa da Subjetive Happiness Scale (SHS) para a população idosa portuguesa através de uma análise fatorial confirmatória, e verificar de que modo a felicidade subjetiva se faz diferenciar entre idosos fisicamente ativos e inativos. Participaram neste estudo, 309 idosos (242 género feminino, 67 género masculino), com idades compreendidas entre os 60 e os 90 anos (M = 68.59; DP = 6.60). Os resultados obtidos revelaram um ajustamento muito satisfatório do modelo original da SHS : χ² = .26; p = .87; df = 2; SRMR = .006; TLI = .98; CFI = .99; RMSEA = .00, o que nos leva a concluir que a versão portuguesa da SHS pode ser utilizada com elevada confiança na avaliação da felicidade subjetiva na população idosa. Verificou-se ainda, através do estudo das diferenças, que os idosos ativos possuem maior perceção de felicidade relativamente aos inativos.
- Translation and adaptation of the physical activity enjoyment scale (PACES) in a sample of Portuguese athletes, invariance across genders, nature sports and swimmingPublication . Monteiro, Diogo; Nunes, Gilberto; Marinho, Daniel; Couto, Nuno; Antunes, Raul; Moutão, João; Cid, LuisThe aim of this study was to translate and validate of the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES), from Mullen et al. version in Portuguese athletes, invariance across genders and nature sports and swimming, as well as, external validity, through the Portuguese version of BRSQ. Athletes (n=1032; 273 nature sports, 759 swimming) with an average age of 18,95 ± 6,59 years participated in this study. Confirmatory factor analysis (maximum likelihood), multigroup analysis (measurement invariance) and correlation analysis were used for data analyzed. Results supported the suitability of the models (one factor which eight items) showing an adequate fit to the data in each sample (general:χ²=181,96, p=<0,01, df=20, SRMR=0,04, NNFI=0,94, CFI=0,96, RMSEA=0,07, RMSEA 90% IC=0,06-0,08; male: χ²=113,27, p=<0,01, df=20, SRMR=0,04, NNFI=0,95, CFI=0,97, RMSEA=0,07, RMSEA 90% IC=0,06-0,08; female: χ²=67,59, p=<0,01, df=20, SRMR=0,03, NNFI=0,94, CFI=0,96, RMSEA=0,07, RMSEA 90% IC=0,06-0,09; nature sports: χ²=42,32, p=0,02, df=20, SRMR=0,037, NNFI=0,96, CFI=0,98, RMSEA=0,06, RMSEA 90% IC=0,04- 0,08; swimming: χ²=130,14, p=<0,01, df=20, SRMR=0,04, NNFI=0,94, CFI=0,96, RMSEA=0,07, RMSEA 90% IC=0,06-0,08), as well as, were invariant across genders and nature sports and swimming (∆CFI≤0,01). Enjoyment was, on the one hand, found to be positively and significantly correlated with identified regulation (r=0,82), integrated regulation (r=0,62) and intrinsic motivation (r=0,90). On the other, it was negatively and significantly correlated with amotivation (r=-0,25) and external and introjected regulation (r=-0,42; -0,38), respectively. Those findings allow concluding that PACES can be used to measure enjoyment in the future studies, thus filling an existing gap to date.
- Reasons for dropout in swimmers, differences between gender and age and intentions to return to competitionPublication . Monteiro, Diogo; Marinho, Daniel; Moutão, João; Vitorino, Anabela; Antunes, Raul; Cid, LuisBACKGROUND: This study’s main purpose was to analyze reasons for dropout in competitive swimmers and differences between gender and age groups. The influence of dropout on swimmers intentions to return to competition, invariance across gender and validation of Questionnaire of Reasons for Attrition were also analyzed. METHODS: Study 1 – 366 athletes participated (N.=366; mean age 15.96, SD 5.99) and the data gathered was used for the exploratory analysis, and data gathered on 1008 athletes were used for the confirmatory analysis and the structural equations (N.=1008; mean age 16.26, SD 6.12); Study 2: 1008 athletes participated (N.=1008; mean age 16.26, SD 6.12) on the descriptive and inferential analysis of the reasons behind the practice dropout. The Questionnaire of Reasons Attrition was used in both studies to assess the reasons associated with the practice dropout. RESULTS: In study 1, the results showed an acceptable fit of the measurement model and invariance across gender and also predictive validity regarding swimmers intentions to return to competition (e.g., demands/pressure” negatively predict intentions). In study 2, the main results showed that the most significant reason for dropout in both genders and all age groups was “dissatisfaction/other priorities”; the study also showed there to be differences between gender and age groups (e.g., female and younger athletes valued “demands/ pressure “more). CONCLUSIONS: This study offers useful guidelines for the training process and to support decisions on sports politics to be implemented to overcome the dropout rate. However, it is important to broaden the evidence to other sports and implement programs on identified priority areas based on longitudinal perspectives.
- Physical activity and satisfaction with the life of the elderly: contribution to the validation of the satisfaction with life scale (swls) in the portuguese populationPublication . Antunes, Raul; Couto, Nuno; Vitorino, Anabela; Monteiro, Diogo; Moutão, João; Marinho, Daniel; Cid, LuisThe concept of satisfaction with life is about the process of cognitive judgment that someone does in every moment of life. The main goal of this study consists on the validation of the measurement model by Satisfaction With Life Scale, translated to portuguese) for a sample of portuguese elderly (n=311), older than 60 years old (M = 68.53; DP = 6.69) that practice physical activity, using a confirmatory factor analysis. About the results, we can conclude that the measurement model of the Portuguese version of Satisfaction With Life Scale (one fator/five items) has qualities to evaluate the satisfaction with life in Portuguese elderly. It was also concluded elderly who practice more physical activity perceive higher levels of satisfaction with life.
- Validation of the subjective vitality scale and study of the vitality of elderly people according to their physical activityPublication . Couto, Nuno; Antunes, Raul; Monteiro, Diogo; Moutão, João; Marinho, Daniel; Cid, LuisThe main aim of the study was to validate the Portuguese version of the Subjective Vitality Scale - SVS for the Portuguese elderly population through of confirmatory factorial analysis. The existence of differences in the perception of subjective vitality among sufficiently active and insufficiently active older adults was also analyzed. A total of 309 Portuguese elderly (242 females, 67 males) aged 60-90 years (M = 68.59, SD = 6.60) participated in this study. Of the total sample, 256 are sufficiently active, while 53 are insufficiently active. The results show that the model was adjusted to data in a satisfactory way (χ² = 28.95; df = 9; CFI = .97; TLI = .94; SRMR = .04; RMSEA = .08; RMSEA 90% CI = .05 - .12), and show a concurrent validity with the Portuguese version of the Satisfaction with Life Scale. The data obtained allow us concluding that the Portuguese version of the Subjective Vitality Scale can be used as a measure of subjective vitality in the Portuguese elderly population. It was also verified that the subjective perception of vitality is greater among individuals sufficiently active compared with their peers that do not reach the amount of practice of recommended physical activity.