Browsing by Author "Silva, J. A. I. I. V."
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- Portuguese Sorraia horse dynamics study with innovative technology: stance and swing of the walkPublication . Faria, RAS; Silva, J. A. I. I. V.; Rodrigues, L. Y.; Alberto, G.; Lopes, J.; Zucatelle, C.; Vicente, AntónioSorraia horse is an endangered native primitive breed from Portugal, highly inbred with a small census of around 300 animals worldwide. The aim of the study was to present the difference between stance (St) and swing (Sw), when the limbs are moving on the ground or in the air, respectively, during stride duration. Results were obtained for the total, forelimbs and hindlimbs, left and right sides, and each limb separately. Using innovative technology (EquiMoves), six Sorraia stallions were studied for the variables St and Sw (complete stride duration) at medium Walk. The averages of the variables for a complete stride duration (1.16±0.10 s) were 0.70±0.08 s (St) and 0.46±0.02 (Sw), for the forelimbs, 0.72±0.09 s (St) and 0.44±0.03 (Sw), for hindlimbs 0.69±0.08 s (St) and 0.47±0.02 (Sw), for the left side of 0.71±0.09 s (St) and 0.45±0.03 (Sw), and for the right side 0.70±0.07 s (St) and 0.46±0.02 (Sw). The distribution by four limbs was, for left front 0.71±0.09 s (St) and 0.45±0.03 (Sw), right front 0.72±0.08 s (St) and 0.44±0.02 (Sw), left hind 0.69±0.08 s (St) and 0.47±0.02 (Sw) and right hind 0.68±0.06 s (St) and 0.48±0.01 (Sw). Differences between variables St and Sw were significant (p-v<0.05), indicating that, on average, stride duration of Sorraias stallions is distributed by 60.6% with the limb on the ground (St) and 39.4% with the limb in the air (Sw). On the other hand, the differences within the variables were not significant (p-v>0.05) for the forelimbs, hindlimbs, both sides and isolated limbs. The analysis of the medium Walk for variables St and Sw from Sorraia stallions, indicated that, for a complete stride duration, limbs spend more time on the ground and present identical distribution among all limbs. Sorraia horses are animals with a balanced and symmetrical distribution of the Walk. New studies, including trot and canter, will allow to better understand the distribution of the variables St and Sw for Sorraia horse dynamics and possible differences for the Walk.
- Portuguese Sorraia horse dynamics study with innovative technology: three natural gaits and stridesPublication . Faria, RAS; Marques, N.; Ferreira, P.; Sousa, C. V. R.; Correia, R.; Silva, J. A. I. I. V.; Vicente, AntónioPortuguese native Sorraia horse is considered a primitive breed and ancestor of horses in Iberian Peninsula, where they inhabited since the Pleistocene. A closed mating system allowed to maintain the breed standard since its discovery, one century ago. The aim of this study was to characterize the dynamics of 6 Sorraia Stallions, considered very endangered (±300 living animals), using innovative technology equipment (EquiMoves). Three natural gaits, walk (W), trot (T) and canter (C), were evaluated using the variables stride duration (sD) in seconds (s), length (sL) in meters (m) and speed (sS) in kilometres per hours (km/h), considering the stride as a complete movement of the four limbs. Differences in LS mean between W, T and G within each variable were significant (P<0.05). The values of the variable sD were 1.16±0.10 s (W); 0.71±0.06 s (T) and 0.58±0.02 (C), with a decrease in stride duration from W to T by -41.8% and half the time from W to C (-100%) and from T to C was -18.3%. Values with opposite trends from W to T to C were observed in the variables sL and sS. Variable sL provided means of 1.44±0.06 m (W); 1.85±0.14 m (T) and 2.22±0.77 m (C), indicating increases in sL of 28.5% (W to T), 53.7% (W to C) and 19.9% between T and C. The values of the sS variable were equal to 4.39±0.18 km/h (W), 9.79±0.77 km/h (T) and 14.15±0.33 km/h (C), with increases from W to T of 223.0%, W to C of 322.3% and from T to C of 144.5%. 52 (W), 85 (T) and 103 (C) strides were observed per minute, and 74.4 (W), 156.3 (T) and 229.7 (C) meters were covered. To run 100 m (s) Sorraia horses need an average of 69 (W), 54 (T) and 45 (C) strides and take 80.0 (W), 38.3 (T) and 26.1 (C) seconds. Sorraia horses are considered ponies (1.46 m mean height at withers) and their height influences the variables evaluated and should not be compared with horses of different structures and sizes. Evaluation of variations within Walk, Trot and Canter traits should be observed in future studies.