Browsing by Author "Rocha, Fernando"
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- Anaerobic fitness assessment in taekwondo athletes. A new perspectivePublication . Rocha, Fernando; Louro, Hugo; Matias, Ricardo; Costa, AldoWe intended to determine the concurrent validity of a taekwondo specific anaerobic test (TSAT) to assess anaerobic fitness in taekwondo athletes. Seventeen elite male subjects (17.59 ± 4.34 years of age; 1.72 m ± .07 m in height; 61.3 kg ± 8.7 kg in weight and 15.6% ± 8.5% in body fat) performed a TSAT, which consisted of kicking a punching bag for 30 seconds. The standard test was the Wingate Anaerobic Test. Two trials were made for both tests and the agreement between both was tested. The variables analysed and compared were: peak power; relative peak power; mean anaerobic power; relative mean anaerobic power; fatigue index and anaerobic capacity. The number of kicks performed in the TSAT protocol and the maximum height of the counter movement jump (CMJ) were also registered. Trial I and II had significant ICC results in all variables (P = .000) ranged between 0.56 and 0.97. Both protocols were significantly correlated (r = 0.55 to 0.88; P = .000 to .05). CMJ strongly correlated with the number of techniques (r=0.59; P = .013) and the mean power (r = 0.56; P = .019) of the TSAT. The variables between the two methods correlate and are consistent, except for the anaerobic capacity that although correlated, is not consistent with constant bias, P = 0.001; CI]-705.1;-370.2[. TSAT has a level of agreement with the Wingate, and assigns specificity in the evaluation of these variables.
- Determination of Aerobic Power Through a Specific Test for Taekwondo ‐ A Predictive Equation ModelPublication . Rocha, Fernando; Louro, Hugo; Matias, Ricardo; Brito, João; Costa, AldoOur aim was to verify the concurrent validity of a maximal taekwondo specific test (TST) to predict VO2max through an explanatory model. Seventeen elite male taekwondo athletes (age: 17.59 ± 4.34 years; body height: 1.72 ± 6.5 m; body mass: 61.3 ± 8.7 kg) performed two graded maximal exercise tests on different days: a 20 m multistage shuttle run test (SRT) and an incremental TST. We recorded test time, VO2max, ventilation, a heart rate and time to exhaustion. Significant differences were found between observed and estimated VO2max values [F (2, 16) = 5.77, p < 0.01]; post-hoc subgroup analysis revealed the existence of significant differences (p = 0.04) between the estimated VO2max value in the SRT and the observed value recorded in the TST (58.4 ± 6.4 ml/kg/min and 52.6 ± 5.2 ml/kg/min, respectively). Our analysis also revealed a moderate correlation between both testing protocols regarding VO2max (r = 0.70; p = 0.005), test time (r = 0.77; p = 0.02) and ventilation (r = 0.69; p = 0.03). There was no proportional bias in the mean difference (t = -1.04; p = 0.313), and there was a level of agreement between both tests. An equation/model was used to estimate VO2max during the TST based on the mean heart rate, test time, body height and mass, which explained 74.3% of the observed VO2max variability. A moderate correlation was found between the observed and predicted VO2max values in the taekwondo TST (r = 0.74, p = 0.001). Our results suggest that an incremental specific test estimates VO2max of elite taekwondo athletes with acceptable concurrent validity.
- Reaction forces and bone maturation in taekwondo: comparison of practice with and without TatamiPublication . Rocha, Fernando; Conceição, Ana; Branco, Marco A. C.; Narciso, Janine; Mata, Carlos; Louro, HugoPurpose. Exercise performed improperly, in disagreement with age and development, may trigger negative bioactive effects. Adolescent taekwondo athletes, being able to practise on tatami or without tatami and barefoot, may be submitted to musculoskeletal structure disorders. the purpose of this study was to describe the frequency and amplitude of the reactive forces during taekwondo practice with and without tatami. Methods. Overall, 27 adolescent taekwondo athletes aged 10–15 years were submitted to a standard 90-minute training session with and without tatami. During each session, the frequency of ground contacts and the vertical ground reaction forces were measured. Femur and wrist bone age and the respective stages of the epiphyseal plate were computed from radiograph images. A total of 6346.6 ± 425.5 ground contacts (an average of 106 contacts per minute) were registered during the training session. the Wilcoxon test was applied to analyse the relationship between taekwondo and epiphyseal plate stage (p 0.005). Results. Student’s t-test revealed a significant difference between ground reaction forces with and without tatami; tasks performed without tatami featured smaller magnitudes for comparisons of absolute and normalized values (t = –3.359; p < 0.002 and t = –3.652; p < 0.001, respectively). the time of practice showed no early closure of the femur epiphyseal plates caused by the practice of taekwondo. Conclusions. Practising taekwondo seems to have a bio-positive effect on the maturation of adolescent athletes, regardless of the use of tatami.