Browsing by Author "Mendes, Bruno"
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- Does the distribution of the weekly training load account for the match results of elite professional soccer players?Publication . Oliveira, Rafael; Brito, João; Loureiro, Nuno; Padinha, Vítor; Ferreira, Bruno; Mendes, BrunoThe aim of the study was to compare training load (TL) of the days preceding a win, draw or defeat in asample of elite professional soccer players across the in-season 2015/16.Methods.:Twenty elite soccer players participated in this study. Total distance covered, high-speed running distance(HSRD), average speed, session rate of perceived exertion (s-RPE) and Hooper index scores (HI) were collected. Datafrom 24 weeks with one match were analysed through the match-day (MD-5, 4, 3, 2, 1) and MD+1.Results.:The main finding emerges in MD-1, where a longer training duration preceding draws(95.1 ± 1.5 min) > defeats (91.5 ± 1.6 min) > wins (84.7 ± 0.5 min) was found, while total distance andaverage speed were higher in wins (3628.6 ± 57.2 m) > draws (3391.3 ± 153.3 m) > defeats(3236.1 ± 113.7 m) and draws (130.7 ± 17.6 m/min) > wins (86.0 ± 6.9 m/min) > defeats(54.8 ± 7.1 m/min), respectively. HSRD was higher in draws (42.8 ± 0.6 m) > wins (36.1 ± 1.7 m) >defeats (35.8 ± 1.7 m). In MD+1, there were differences in HI between wins vs draws (p<0.01).Conclusions.:The results are drawn from one team that participated in UEFA Champions League. It was observedthat different TL applied in training sessions can influence match result. Our findings can be considered in futuresoccer planning and periodization to win matches. This study emphasizes the use of HI especially in the dayfollowing the match
- Effects of match location, match result and the quality of opposition in training load on a two-matches week in a top-class elite European soccer teamPublication . Oliveira, Rafael; Brito, João; Loureiro, Nuno; Padinha, Vitor; Ferreira, Bruno; Mendes, BrunoThe aim of this study is to analyse effects of match location, match result and level of opponents in training load on the two following days of the match (MD+1; MD+2) in a top-class elite soccer European team. Nine players participated in this study. Total distance covered, distances of different exercise training zones (1–5) and average speed (AvS) were analysed. The session rating of perceived exertion (s-RPE) and Hooper Index scores (fatigue, stress, sleep quality, delayed onset muscle soreness-DOMS) were also analysed. Data was analysedregarding the two following days of a match. All weeks analysed included two matches. The results showed lower values of DOMS, effect size (ES)= 1.69, and fatigue ES=1.25, on the day following an away-win match than a home-defeat match against a bottom level opponent (all, p<0.05). It was also observed higher values of sleep quality ES=1.44, zone 1, ES=-4.35, and AvS, ES=-12.65, but lower values of s-RPE, ES=3.52, on the day following away-win match against a national top-level opponent (TLO). Finally, higher values for zone 3, ES=1.71, and lower value for AvS, ES=-6.06 were observed on the day following away-win match than a home-defeat match against champions league opponent number 1 (all, p<0.05). Total distance, AvS and zone 4 were higher after playing national opponents and/or champions league opponents in MD+1 than MD+2. The pattern of training load seems to be affected by situational variables. In general, the higher the quality of the opponents, the higher Hooper index in MD+1. S-RPE seems to be higher after playing a bottom level opponent when compared with the other opponents. Also, after playing national opponents, total distance, zones 1 and 4 were higher than against international opponents.
- Effects of match location, match result and the quality of opposition in training load on a two-matches week in a top-class elite European soccer teamPublication . Oliveira, Rafael; Brito, João; Loureiro, Nuno; Padinha, Vítor; Ferreira, Bruno; Mendes, Bruno: It is well known that soccer and performance can be affected by situational variables. Thus, the purpose of this study is to analyse effects of match location, match result and level of opponents in training load on the two following days of the match (match-day [MD] plus [+], MD+1; MD+2) in a top-class elite soccer European team that played in UEFA Champions League during in-season 2015/16. Nine players participated in this study. A global positioning system (GPS) was used to measure total distance covered, distances of different exercise training zones (1–5) and average speed (AvS). The session rating of perceived exertion (s-RPE) and Hooper Index scores (fatigue, stress, sleep quality, delayed onset muscle soreness-DOMS) were also collected. Data was analysed regarding the two following days of a match. All weeks analysed included two matches. The main results showed higher values of DOMS, ES= 1.69, and fatigue ES=1.25, on the day following an away-win match. It was also observed higher values of sleep quality ES=1.44, zone 1, ES=-4.35, and AvS, ES=-12.65, but lower values of s RPE, ES=3.52, on the day following away-win match against a national top-level opponent (TLO). Finally, higher values for zone 3, ES=1.71, and lower value for AvS, ES=-6.06 were observed on the day following away-win match. Total distance, AvS and zone 4 were higher after playing national opponents in MD+1 than MD+2 and/or champions league opponents. The pattern of training load seems to be affected by situational variables. In general, the higher the quality of the opponents, the higher Hooper index in MD+1. S-RPE seems to be higher after playing a bottom level opponent when compared with the other opponents. Also, after playing national opponents, total distance, zone 1 and zone 4 were higher than against international opponents.
- Estudo observacional do golo no futebol: deteção de padrões temporaisPublication . Santos, Fernando; Louro, Hugo; Mendes, Bruno; Maurício, Nuno; Furtado, Bruno; Sousa, Paulo; Teixeira, Diogo; Pinheiro, ValterO estudo realizado pretende analisar os golos do Club Atlético de Madrid, equipa que na época 2013‑14 foi finalista da Super Taça de Espanha, Liga dos Campeões e vencedor da Liga Espanhola, recorrendo à deteção de T‑patterns. A amostra é constituída por 54 golos marcados na Liga Espanho‑ la, que foram codificados pelo Sistema de Observação do Golo no Futebol. O tratamento dos dados foi realizado utilizando o THEME® 5.0. Foram detetados T‑patterns em situações de rápida transição defesa‑ataque e esquemas táticos. A análise realizada permite a recolha de informações importantes para os treinadores que podem ser utilizadas na planificação do treino e da competição
- In-season internal and external training load quantification of an elite European soccer teamPublication . Oliveira, Rafael; Brito, João; Martins, Alexandre; Mendes, Bruno; Marinho, Daniel A.; Ferraz, Ricardo; Marques, Mário C.Elite soccer teams that participate in European competitions need to have players in the best physical and psychological status possible to play matches. As a consequence of congestive schedule, controlling the training load (TL) and thus the level of effort and fatigue of players to reach higher performances during the matches is therefore critical. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to provide the first report of seasonal internal and external training load that included Hooper Index (HI) scores in elite soccer players during an in-season period. Nineteen elite soccer players were sampled, using global position system to collect total distance, high-speed distance (HSD) and average speed (AvS). It was also collected session rating of perceived exertion (s-RPE) and HI scores during the daily training sessions throughout the 2015-2016 in-season period. Data were analysed across ten mesocycles (M: 1 to 10) and collected according to the number of days prior to a one-match week. Total daily distance covered was higher at the start (M1 and M3) compared to the final mesocycle (M10) of the season. M1 (5589m) reached a greater distance than M5 (4473m) (ES = 9.33 [12.70, 5.95]) and M10 (4545m) (ES = 9.84 [13.39, 6.29]). M3 (5691m) reached a greater distance than M5 (ES = 9.07 [12.36, 5.78]), M7 (ES = 6.13 [8.48, 3.79]) and M10 (ES = 9.37 [12.76, 5.98]). High-speed running distance was greater in M1 (227m), than M5 (92m) (ES = 27.95 [37.68, 18.22]) and M10 (138m) (ES = 8.46 [11.55, 5.37]). Interestingly, the s-RPE response was higher in M1 (331au) in comparison to the last mesocycle (M10, 239au). HI showed minor variations across mesocycles and in days prior to the match. Every day prior to a match, all internal and external TL variables expressed significant lower values to other days prior to a match (p<0.01). In general, there were no differences between player positions. Conclusions: Our results reveal that despite the existence of some significant differences between mesocycles, there were minor changes across the in-season period for the internal and external TL variables used. Furthermore, it was observed that MD-1 presented a reduction of external TL (regardless of mesocycle) while internal TL variables did not have the same record during in-season match-day-minus.
- In-season internal and external training monotony, strain and acute/chronic workload ratio variations between starters and non-starters of a top elite European soccer teamPublication . Oliveira, Rafael; Vieira, Luiz; Martins, Alexandre; Brito, João; Nalha, Matilde; Mendes, Bruno; Clemente, Filipe ManuelThe aim of this study was two-fold: (a) to describe the in-season variations of training monotony, training strain, and acute: chronic workload ratio (ACWR) through session rated perceived exertion (s-RPE), total distance and high-speed running (HSR); (b) to compare those variations between starters and non-starters. Seventeen professional players from an European First League team participated in this study. They were divided in two groups: starters (n=9) and non-starters (n=8). The players were monitored daily over a 41-week period of competition where 52 matches occurred during the 2015- 2016 in-season. Through the collection of s-RPE, total distance and HSR, training monotony, training strain and ACWR were calculated for each measure, respectively. Data were analysed across ten mesocycles (M: 1 to 10). Results revealed no differences between starters vs non-starters (p>0.05). M6 had a greater number of matches and displayed higher values in monotony (s-RPE, total distance and HSR), strain (only for total distance) and ACWR (s-RPE, TD and HSR). However, the variation patterns for all indexes displayed some differences. In conclusion, the values of both starters and non starters showed small differences between them and thus suggesting that the adjustments of training workloads that had been applied over the season helped to reduce differences according to the player status. Even so, there some variations over the season (microcycles and mesocycles) for the whole team. This study could be used as reference for future coaches, staff and scientists.
- In-season internal and external workload variations between starters and non-starters—a case study of a top elite european soccer teamPublication . Oliveira, Rafael; Palucci Vieira, Luiz H.; Martins, Alexandre; Brito, João; Nalha, Matilde; Mendes, Bruno; Clemente, Filipe ManuelBackground and Objectives: Interpretation of the load variations across a period seems important to control the weekly progression or variation of the load, or to identify in-micro- and mesocycle variations. Thus, the aims of this study were twofold: (a) to describe the in-season variations of training monotony, training strain and acute:chronic workload ratio (ACWR) through session ratings of perceived exertion (s-RPE), total distance and high-speed running (HSR); and (b) to compare those variations between starters and non-starters. Materials and Methods: Seventeen professional players from a European First League team participated in this study. They were divided in two groups: starters (n = 9) and non-starters (n = 8). The players were monitored daily over a 41-week period of competition where 52 matches occurred during the 2015-2016 in-season. Through the collection of s-RPE, total distance and HSR, training monotony, training strain and ACWR were calculated for each measure, respectively. Data were analyzed across ten mesocycles (M: 1 to 10). Repeated measures ANOVA was used with the Bonferroni post hoc test to compare M and player status. Results: The results revealed no differences between starters vs. non-starters (p > 0.05). M6 had a greater number of matches and displayed higher values for monotony (s-RPE, total distance and HSR), strain (only for total distance) and ACWR (s-RPE, TD and HSR). However, the variation patterns for all indexes displayed some differences. Conclusions: The values of both starters and non-starters showed small differences, thus suggesting that the adjustments of training workloads that had been applied over the season helped to reduce differences according to the player status. Even so, there were some variations over the season (microcycles and mesocycles) for the whole team. This study could be used as a reference for future coaches, staff and scientists.
- In-season monotony, strain and acute/chronic workload of perceived exertion, global positioning system running based variables between player positions of a top elite soccer teamPublication . Oliveira, Rafael; Martins, Alexandre; Nobari, Hadi; Nalha, Matilde; Mendes, Bruno; Clemente, Filipe; Brito, JoãoBackground: The interpretation of the load variations across a period seems important to control the weekly progression or variation of the load, or to identify within- micro and mesocycle variations. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe the in-season variations of training monotony, training strain, and acute: chronic workload ratio (ACWR) through session rating of perceived exertion (s-RPE), total distance and high-speed running (HSR) according to playing positions in an elite soccer team. Methods: Seventeen professional players from an European First League team participated in this study. They were divided four central defenders (CD), three wide defenders (WD), four central midfielders (CM), three wide midfielders (WM) and three strikers (ST). The players were monitored daily over a 41-week period of competition where 52 matches occurred during the 2015–2016 in-season. Through the collection of s-RPE, total distance and HSR, training monotony, training strain and ACWR were calculated for each measure, respectively. Data were analysed across ten mesocycles (M: 1–10). Results: The main results showed significant differences (p < 0.05) for TMs-RPE between CD vs. ST (moderate effect) in M2; between CD vs. CM (moderate effect) for TS of s-RPE; between CD vs. ST moderate effect) in M6 for ACWR of s-RPE. In addition, there was significant difference between CM vs. ST (moderate effect) in M2 for TS of TD; between WD vs. ST (moderate effect) in M3 for ACWR of TD. Moreover, there were significant differences for TM of HSR between CD vs. WD (very large effect); CD vs. WD (moderate effect) in M4 for TS of HSR. Conclusions: The present study presents new insights to coaches and technical staff about the variation profiling of TM, TS, and ACWR calculated with internal and external load measures, between player positions during 10 mesocycles.
- In-season training load quantification of one-, two- and three-game week schedules in a top European professional soccer teamPublication . Oliveira, Rafael; Brito, João; Martins, Alexandre; Mendes, Bruno; Calvete, Francisco; Carriço, Sandro; Ferraz, Ricardo; Marques, Mário C.Top European soccer teams that play in UEFA competitions often participate in one, two- or three-games per week. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure optimal match-day performance and full recovery. The aim of this study was to quantify internal and external training load (TL) within five microcycles: M1 and M2 - one-game weeks; M3 and M4 - two-game weeks; M5 - three-game week). Thirteen elite soccer players participated in this study. A global positioning system (GPS) was used to measure the total distance covered and distances of different exercise training zones (1-5), the session ratings of perceived exertion (s-RPE) scores and the amount of creatine kinase (CK) created during daily training sessions for the 2015-2016 in-season period. The data were analysed with respect to the number of days prior to a given match. The main results indicate that there was a significant difference in training intensity for zone 1 between M2 and M4 (4010.2 ± 103.5 and 4507.6 ± 133.0 m, respectively); a significant difference in training intensity for zone 3 between M1 and M5 (686.1 ± 42.8 and 801.2 ± 61.2 m, respectively); a significant difference in the duration of the training sessions and matches between M2 and M5 (69.2 ± 2.1 and 79.6 ± 2.3) and M3 and M5 (69.7 ± 1.0 and 79.6 ± 2.3); and finally, there was a significant difference in CK between M3 and M2 (325.5 ± 155.0 and 194.4 ± 48.9). Moreover, there was a significant decrease in TL in the last day prior to a match, for all microcycles and all variables. There was no significant difference with respect to s-RPE. This study provides the first report of daily external and internal TLs and weekly accumulated load (training sessions and match demands) during one, two, and three-game week schedules in a group of elite soccer players. Expected significant differences are found in daily and accumulated loads for within- and between-game schedules. A similar pattern is exhibited for one- and two-game week microcycles regarding the day before the match, which exhibits a decrease in all variables. Despite the different number of games played per week, TL remain similar between microcycles for zone 2 and 5, plus s-RPE.
- Will next match location influence external and internal training load of a top-class elite professional european soccer team?Publication . Oliveira, Rafael; Brito, João; Loureiro, Nuno; Padinha, Vítor; Nobari, Hadi; Mendes, BrunoBackground: The purpose of this study is to compare training load (TL) preceding a home versus away match in a top-class elite European team during the 2015–2016 season. Methods: Twenty elite outfield soccer players with a mean ± SD age, height and body mass of 25.9 ± 4.6 years, 183.1 ± 6.6 cm and 78.6 ± 6.6 kg, respectively, participated in this study. Total distance covered, highspeed running distance (HSRD), average speed (AvS), rating of perceived exertion (RPE) multiplied by training duration (s-RPE) and Hooper index (HI) were collected. Data from 24 weeks were analyzed through match-day minus/plus approach (MD-5, -4, -3, -2, -1, MD + 1). Results: All external TL variables indicated a decrease from MD-5 until MD-1 and then an increase to MD + 1 (p < 0.01). HI decreased from MD-5 to MD-1, but s-RPE increased until MD-3 and then decreased until MD + 1. When comparing TL data that preceded home matches versus away matches, for MD-5, HSRD and muscle soreness exhibited higher values when away match neared (p < 0.05). For MD-4 and MD-3, total distance, HSRD and AvS exhibited higher values closer to an away match than a home match (p < 0.05). For MD-1, total distances covered were higher closer to a home match than an away match (p < 0.01). For MD + 1, all HI items and AvS were higher when an away match was played (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study confirms and provides evidence regarding the influence on internal and external TL data preceding home and away matches from a team that played in European competitions