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Fresh validation of the low carbon development hypothesis under the EKC Scheme in Portugal, Italy, Greece and Spain

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dc.contributor.authorBalsalobre-Lorente, Daniel
dc.contributor.authorLeitão, Nuno Carlos
dc.contributor.authorBekun, Festus Victor
dc.date.accessioned2021-01-27T11:17:05Z
dc.date.available2021-01-27T11:17:05Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.description.abstractThe present study is in line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN-SDGs) that address pertinent global issues. This study focuses on the need for access to clean and affordable energy consumption, responsible energy consumption, sustainable economic growth, and climate change mitigation. To this end, this paper evaluates the relevance of the renewable energy sector on the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) framework in Portugal, Italy, Greece, and Spain for the period 1995–2015. As an econometric strategy, we adopt the use of panel data over the highlighted countries. In the first step, we apply the unit root test recommended by Levin, Lin, and Chu in conjunction with ADF-Fisher, and Phillips-Perron for robustness and consistency. We found that the variables used in this study are integrated I (1) in the first difference. In the second step, we apply the Pedroni cointegration test, and Kao Residual cointegration test, and we observe that the variables are cointegrated in the long run. The generalized least squares (GLS), the panel fully modified least squares (FMOLS), ordinary least squares robust (OLS), and panel quantile regression are considered in this research. The econometric results validate the assumption of the environmental Kuznets curve, i.e., and there is a positive correlation between income per capita and a negative effect of squared income per capita on carbon dioxide emissions. In contrast, we observe that renewable energy reduces CO2 emissions. Finally, we also find a direct connection between the urban population and the environmental degradation in the examined blocs. These results show that in Portugal, Italy, Greece, and Spain, more is required to achieve environmental sustainability in the respective countries growth trajectory. Further policy prescriptions are appended in the concluding section of this study.pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.citationBalsalobre-Lorente. D., Leitão, N.C., Bekun, F.V. (2021). Fresh validation of the low carbon development hypothesis under the EKC Scheme in Portugal, Italy, Greece and Spain. Energies, 4(1). doi: 10.3390/en14010250pt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/en14010250pt_PT
dc.identifier.issn1996-1073
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.15/3266
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.publisherMDPIpt_PT
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/1/250#pt_PT
dc.subjectEnvironmental sustainabilitypt_PT
dc.subjectRenewable energypt_PT
dc.subjectCarbon dioxide emissionspt_PT
dc.subjectClimate change mitigationpt_PT
dc.subjectCarbon-reductionpt_PT
dc.subjectEnvironmental Kuznets curvept_PT
dc.subjectPortugalpt_PT
dc.subjectItalypt_PT
dc.subjectGreecept_PT
dc.subjectSpainpt_PT
dc.titleFresh validation of the low carbon development hypothesis under the EKC Scheme in Portugal, Italy, Greece and Spainpt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.conferencePlaceBasel, Switzerlandpt_PT
oaire.citation.issue1pt_PT
oaire.citation.titleEnergiespt_PT
oaire.citation.volume14pt_PT
person.familyNameLeitão
person.givenNameNuno Carlos
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-7602-2615
rcaap.rightsopenAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
relation.isAuthorOfPublication59b3a478-abed-4851-a925-fe8d133213c5
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery59b3a478-abed-4851-a925-fe8d133213c5

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