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The effects of corruption, renewable energy, trade and CO2 Emissions

2021Artigo científico Acesso aberto
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dc.contributor.authorLeitão, Nuno Carlos
dc.date.accessioned2021-04-21T14:18:30Z
dc.date.available2021-04-21T14:18:30Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.description.abstractCorruption reflects a set of illegal activities that jeopardize the smooth functioning of economies, society, and climate and environmental issues. This article tests the relationships between economic growth, corruption, renewable energies, international trade, and carbon dioxide emissions using panel data for European countries, namely Portugal, Spain, Italy, Ireland, and Greece, from 1995–2015. As an econometric strategy, this research uses the panel fully modified least squares (FMOLS), panel dynamic least squares (DOLS), and panel two-stage least squares estimator (TSLS). Considering the variables utilized in the research and the panel unit root test, we observed that the variables are integrated I (1) in the first difference. The variables of corruption, economic growth, renewable energies, international trade, and carbon dioxide emissions are cointegrated in the long run, using the Pedroni and Kao residual cointegration test arguments. The methodology of Dumitrescu–Hurlin to test the causality between carbon dioxide emissions, corruption, economic growth, and renewable energy shows that there is unidirectional causality between carbon dioxide emissions and corruption and economic growth and corruption. The results suggest that the corruption index and economic growth have a statistically significant positive impact on carbon dioxide emissions. However, renewable energies and international trade reduce climate change and improve the environmental quality.pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.citationLeitão, N.C. (2021). The Effects of Corruption, Renewable Energy, Trade and CO2 Emissions. Economies, 9(2). doi: 10.3390/economies9020062pt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/economies9020062pt_PT
dc.identifier.issn2227-7099
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.15/3456
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://www.mdpi.com/2227-7099/9/2/62pt_PT
dc.subjectClimate changept_PT
dc.subjectInnovationpt_PT
dc.subjectCorruptionpt_PT
dc.subjectRenewable energypt_PT
dc.subjectPanel datapt_PT
dc.titleThe effects of corruption, renewable energy, trade and CO2 Emissionspt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue2pt_PT
oaire.citation.titleEconomiespt_PT
oaire.citation.volume9pt_PT
person.familyNameLeitão
person.givenNameNuno Carlos
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-7602-2615
rcaap.rightsopenAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
relation.isAuthorOfPublication59b3a478-abed-4851-a925-fe8d133213c5
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery59b3a478-abed-4851-a925-fe8d133213c5

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