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- Influence of different 1v1 small-sided game conditions in internal and external load of U-15 and U-12 soccer playersPublication . SANTOS, FERNANDO JORGE LOURENÇO DOS; Ferreira, Cátia Caldeira; Figueiredo, Teresa Palmira; Espada, Mário CunhaIntroduction. Soccer is a complex team sport, in which moments of 1v1 during the game may decide the outcome. Despite this evidence, studies on this particularity are scarce, particularly involving young players. Aim of Study. The purpose of this study was to evaluate variations of internal and external loads in U-15 and U-12 soccer players associated to different smallsided game (SSG) conditions, in the 1v1 context. Material and Methods. Eight male soccer players participated in the study, integrating two groups, U-15 (n = 4) and U-12 (n = 4), monitored in different SSG models (2 minutes duration / 3 minutes interval rest, different pitch size SSG1 = 5 × 10 m; SSG2 = 10 × 15 m; SSG3 = 15 × 20 m). Soccer players carried GPS devices (WIMU PROTM, RealTrack System, Almería, Spain) operating at a sampling frequency of 10 Hz. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare groups in each SSG and the Kruskal–FWallis test was applied to compare the different SSGs. The significance level was adopted at p < 0.05. Results. Differences between the groups were observed mostly in HRmean and HR95-max. The distance covered (different between the groups, SSG1 197.7 ± ± 14.0 vs 162.3 ± 9.0 and SSG3 261.4 ± 10.6 vs 217.1 ± 27.4, respectively, for U-15 and U-12) and maximal velocity always increased with the increase of the pitch size. Explosive distance and accelerations were also different between the groups in SSG1 and SSG2, respectively. Differences throughout the SSGs were mainly recorded in terms of external load. Conclusions. This research suggests that the implemented 1v1 SSG model is relevant from the internal and external load perspective. Nevertheless, the internal and external loads in U-15 and U-12 soccer players present differences and specificities, which should be considered in exercise prescription and individualized evaluation of young soccer players.
- Training Load in Different Age Category Soccer Players and Relationship to Different Pitch Size Small-Sided GamesPublication . JORGE LOURENÇO DOS SANTOS, FERNANDO; Figueiredo, Teresa; Pessôa Filho, Dalton; Verardi, Carlos; Macedo, Anderson; Ferreira, Cátia; Espada, MárioThis study sought to evaluate the training load in different age category soccer players associated with distinct pitch size small-sided games (SSGs). Twenty-four soccer players (eight in each age category: U-12, U-15, and U-23) performed three consecutive 4 vs. 4 ball possession SSGs (SSG1: 16 × 24 m; SSG2: 20 × 30 m; and SSG3: 24 × 36 m) all with 3 min duration and 3 min rest. Subjects carried ultra-wideband-based position-tracking system devices (WIMU PRO, RealTrack System). Total distance covered increased from SSG1 to SSG3 in all age categories and predominantly in running speeds below 12 km·h−1. Moreover, distance covered in 12–18 km·h−1 running speed was different in all performed SSGs and age categories. Residual or null values were observed at 18–21 km·h−1 or above running speed, namely in U-12, the only age category where metabolic power and high metabolic load distance differences occurred throughout the performed SSGs. Edwards’ TRIMP differences between age categories was only observed in SSG2 (U-12 < U-15). The design of SSGs must consider that the training load of the players differs according to their age category and metabolic assessment should be considered in parallel to external load evaluation in SSGs. Wearable technology represents a fundamental support in soccer.
- Effects of Pitch Size and Goalkeeper Participation on Physical Load Measures during Small-Sided Games in Sub-Elite Professional Soccer PlayersPublication . SANTOS, FERNANDO JORGE LOURENÇO DOS; Verardi, Carlos; Moraes, Mayra Grava de; Pessôa Filho, Dalton; Macedo, Anderson G.; Figueiredo, Teresa P.; Ferreira, Cátia C.; Borba, Ricardo P.; Espada, MárioThis study sought to examine the variations of internal and external load measures in soccer players when performing different types of 4 vs. 4 small-sided games (SSGs). Ten U-23 professional and sub-elite soccer players, eight outfield players (age: 20.1 ± 1.5 years old; height: 1.83 ± 0.04 m; total body mass: 76.1 ± 3.6 kg) and two goalkeepers (GK) (age: 20.5 ± 2.1 years old; height: 1.91 ± 0.04 m; total body mass: 77.0 ± 1.4 kg) participated in the study. Five SSGs were performed with 3 min duration and 3 min rest interval. SSG1, SSG2 and SSG4 aimed for ball possession play, while in SSG3 and SSG5, two GK were added, defending regular-size goals. The pitch size changed from SSG1 (16 × 24 m) to SSG2 and SSG3 (both 20 × 30 m) and SSG4 and SSG5 (both 24 × 36 m). All players were monitored using WIMU Pro device during the tasks. Anova One-Way and the post hoc Tukey honestly significant difference were used for analysis of statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) and effect sizes were determined by calculating partial eta-squared. The framework was associated with relevant but steady state internal load fatigue and induce a considerable external load stimulus. GK participation in SSGs should be carefully considered as it seems to have a greater impact on physical load measures when compared to the pitch size manipulation.