Browsing by Author "Silva, Ana Filipa"
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- Assessing the agreement between a global navigation satellite system and an optical-tracking system for measuring total, high-speed running, and sprint distances in official soccer matchesPublication . Makar, Piotr; Silva, Ana Filipa; Oliveira, Rafael; Janusiak, Marcin; Parus, Przemysław; Smoter, Małgorzata; Clemente, Filipe ManuelThis study aimed to compare the agreement of total distance (TD), high-speed running (HSR) distance, and sprint distance during 16 official soccer matches between a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and an optical-tracking system. A total of 24 male soccer players, who are actively participating in the Polish Ekstraklasa professional league, were included in the analysis conducted during official competitions. The players were systematically monitored using Catapult GNSS (10-Hz, S7) and Tracab optical-tracking system (25-Hz, ChyronHego). TD, HSR distance, sprint distance, HSR count (HSRC), and sprint count (SC) were collected. The data were extracted in 5-min epochs. A statistical approach was employed to visually examine the relationship between the systems based on the same measure. Additionally, R2 was utilized as a metric to quantify the proportion of variance accounted for by a variable. To assess agreement, Bland–Altman plots were visually inspected. The data from both systems were compared using the estimates derived from the intraclass correlation (ICC) test and Pearson product–moment correlation. Finally, a paired t-test was employed to compare the measurements obtained from both systems. The interaction between Catapult and Tracab systems revealed an R2 of 0.717 for TD, 0.512 for HSR distance, 0.647 for sprint distance, 0.349 for HSRC, and 0.261 for SC. The ICC values for absolute agreement between the systems were excellent for TD (ICC = 0.974) and good for HSR distance (ICC = 0.766), sprint distance (ICC = 0.822). The ICC values were not good for HSRCs (ICC = 0.659) and SCs (ICC = 0.640). t-test revealed significant differences between Catapult and Tracab for TD (p < 0.001; d = −0.084), HSR distance (p < 0.001; d = −0.481), sprint distance (p < 0.001; d = −0.513), HSRC (p < 0.001; d = −0.558), and SC (p < 0.001; d = −0.334). Although both systems present acceptable agreement in TD, they may not be perfectly interchangeable, which sports scientists and coaches must consider when using them.
- Associações entre as variações da carga de treino e as variações de bem-estar ao longo de uma época em jogadores de futebol juvenilPublication . Silva, Rui; Clemente, Filipe Manuel; González-Fernández, F.T; Oliveira, Rafael; Silva, Ana Filipa; Cancela-Carral, J.M.
- Association between motor competence, and the rating of perceived exertion in male young adultsPublication . Flôres, Fábio Saraiva; Soares, Denise; Hermann, Virgínia Teixeira; Marques, Clandio Timm; Casanova, Nuno; Willig, Renata; Lourenço, Joana; Marconcin, Priscila; Silva, Ana Filipa; Oliveira, RafaelThe purpose of this study was two-fold: (i) to analyze the relationship between motor competence (i.e., a person’s ability to be proficient in different gross motor skills) and the rating of perceived exertion (RPE), which represents the physiological and psychological responses during training, in young adults, and (ii) to compare RPE between participants with high and low motor competence. Forty-eight male young adults (22.01 ± 2.43 years) participated in this study. Participants were randomly divided into several teams of three players to perform a small-sided game for 25 min (Goalkeeper + 2 × 2 + Goalkeeper) in which the RPE was collected. Then, motor competence was assessed through six tests assessing three main components: stability (Jumping Sideways and Shifting Platforms); locomotor (Standing Long Jump and Shuttle Run), and manipulative (Velocity of Ball Kicking and Throwing). Motor competence was negatively associated with RPE (r = −0.64; p < 0.001). Moreover, locomotor, stability, and manipulative components were negatively associated with RPE (all, p < 0.05). Furthermore, upon comparing groups with low and high levels of motor competence, we observed significantly higher RPE values (p < 0.001; d = 0.32) in the low motor competence group. The findings from this study suggest that individuals with higher levels of motor competence may report a lower RPE during exercise. This information is valuable for coaches as improving levels of motor competence may potentially lead to increases in on-field performance.
- Comparações entre variáveis de bioimpedância e testes funcionais baseados no índice de massa corporal em idosasPublication . Santamarinha, Carlos Tadeu; Oliveira, Rafael; Leão, César; Silva, Ana Filipa; Clemente, Filipe Manuel; Brito, João
- Comparisons between bioelectrical impedance variables, functional tests and blood markers based on BMI in older women and their association with phase anglePublication . Oliveira, Rafael; Leão, César; Silva, Ana Filipa; Clemente, Filipe Manuel; Santamarinha, Carlos Tadeu; Nobari, Hadi; Brito, JoãoThe aim of the present study was to compare electrical bioimpedance variables, blood markers and functional tests based on Body Mass Index (BMI) in older women. Associations between Phase Angle (PhA) with functional tests and blood markers were also analyzed. A total of 46 independent elderly people participated in the study, and they were divided into four groups according to BMI values: Group 1 (G1, BMI < 25 kg/m2); Group 2 (G2, BMI > 25–30 kg/m2); Group 3 (G3, BMI > 30–35 kg/m2); Group 4 (G4, BMI > 35 kg/m2). In addition to the weight and height used to calculate the BMI, the following body composition variables were collected: fat mass (FM), fat-free mass, intracellular water (ICW), extracellular water (ECW), total body water (TBW) and PhA (50 kHz) through InBody S10 equipment. Functional capacity was assessed using the Fullerton battery of tests: arm-curl; chair-stand; 6 min walking test (6MWT); time up-and-go test (TUG); standing on one leg (SOOL) and take 10 foot-lines (10FL). The main results showed differences between groups in the tests: 6MWT, SOOL and 10FL between G1 vs. G3 and G2 vs. G3 (p < 0.05); ACT, AIC and AEC between G1 vs. G4 (p < 0.05); FM among all groups (p < 0.05). Negative correlations were found between PhA and the agility test in G1 (r = −0.848; p = 0.008) and G4 (r = −0.909; p = 0.005); PhA and chair-stand in G3 (r = 0.527; p = 0.044); PhA and forearm flexion in G3 (r = 0.641; p = 0.010) and G4 (r = 0.943; p = 0.001); PhA and 6MWT in G4 (r = 0.771; p = 0.042). This study found that there is a clear trend towards better functional capacities with better parameters of body composition. Although there were no differences between groups in PhA, associations were found between different functional tests with PhA, which reveals the importance of this variable as a marker of health status.
- Difference between preferred and non-preferred leg in peak speed, acceleration, and deceleration variables and their relationships with the change-of-direction deficitPublication . Silva, Ana Filipa; Oliveira, Rafael; Raya-González, Javier; van den Hoek, Daniel; Akyildiz, Zeki; Yıldız, Mehmet; Garrett, Joel M.; Nobari, Hadi; Clemente, Filipe ManuelThe aim of this study was two-fold: (i) analyze the variation of kinematic measures between using preferred and non-preferred legs while braking during the 5–0–5 change of direction test; and (ii) test the relationships between kinematic measures, and change-of-direction deficit (CODD). A cross-sectional study using twenty adult male soccer players (21.6 ± 2.0 years; 73.2 ± 6.1 kg; 174.8 ± 4.5 cm) was employed. Players performed three repetitions of the 5–0–5 test using each leg during the braking phase. Players have used the Polar Team Pro to obtain the kinematic measures of peak speed, peak acceleration, and peak deceleration. Additionally, the CODD was also obtained using single-beamed photocells. Comparisons revealed a significantly greater peak acceleration (+ 0.22 m/s2; p < 0.001) and deceleration (+ 0.17 m/s2; p = 0.004) for the non-preferred leg. There were no significant correlations were found between CODD and peak accelerations (r = − 0.014, [− 0.193; 0.166]), peak decelerations (r = − 0.052, [− 0.229; 0.128]) or peak speed (r = 0.118, [− 0.063; 0.291]). This study revealed that preferred and non-preferred leg must be analyzed differently since they are different in the kinematic variables. However, CODD seems independent of leg preference and the kinematic measures of a 5–0–5 change of direction test.
- Effects of a small-sided games training program in youth male soccer players: variations of the locomotor profile while interacting with baseline level and with the accumulated loadPublication . Silva, Ana Filipa; Oliveira, Rafael; Ceylan, Halil Ibrahim; Akyildiz, Zeki; González-Fernández, Francisco Tomás; Nobari, Hadi; Yıldız, Mehmet; Birlik, Sabri; Clemente, Filipe ManuelPurpose: This study aimed to (1) analyze the impact of a small-sided game training program in the locomotor profle of youth male soccer players (while interacting with the baseline level – higher and lower level); and (2) test the relationships between variation in locomotor profle and the accumulated demands in 3v3, 5v5 and match over the period of observation. Methods: The cohort lasted 3-weeks. Twenty under-17 male amateur soccer players (16.8±0.41 years; experience: 6.35±0.67 years) were assessed twice for their fnal velocity at 30−15 intermittent ftness test (VIFT), peak speed at 30-m sprint test (PSS) and anaerobic speed reserve (ASR). The PSS was estimated using a Global Positioning System, while the VIFT was estimated using the maximum level attained by the players during the test. Based on the baseline levels, the scores were standardized using the Z-score. The total score of athleticism (TSA) was calculated per player to organize the players into two groups: lower TSA and higher TSA. Over the three weeks of observation, the small-sided games of 3v3 and 5v5 and match demands were monitored using polar team pro. The heart rate responses (mean and peak), distance covered (overall and split by speed thresholds), and peak speed in these games were obtained and summed over the weeks. The repeated measures ANCOVA tested the variations (time) of the locomotor profle of players while considering the baseline as covariable and the group as a factor. The Pearson-product correlation test analyzed the relationships between variations in locomotor profle (Δ, post-baseline) and the accumulated demands in 3v3, 5v5, and match. Results: Between-groups analysis (lower TSA vs. higher TSA) revealed no signifcant diferences on VIFT (p=0.915), PSS (p=0.269), ASR (p=0.258) and TSA score (p=0.138). Within-group (baseline vs. post-observation) analysis revealed signifcant diference on VIFT (p<0.001), PSS (p=0.008), while no signifcant diferences were found on ASR (p=0.949) and TSA score (p=0.619). Signifcant correlations were found between ΔPSS and match total distance (r=0.444; p=0.050), match Z2 (r=0.481; p=0.032) and match Z3 (r=0.454; p=0.044). Signifcant correlations were found between ΔTSA and match total distance (r=0.457; p=0.043), match Z1 (r=0.451; p=0.046), match Z2 (r=0.500; p=0.025) and match Z3 (r=0.468; p=0.037). Conclusion: Signifcant improvements were observed after the period of observation. However, the ftness base‑ line level and the accumulated training load in the small-sided games seem to have no signifcant impact on the observed improvements.
- Effects of high-intensity resistance training on physical fitness, hormonal and antioxidant factors: a randomized controlled study conducted on young adult male soccer playersPublication . Silva, Ana Filipa; Aghidemand, Mohammad Hosein; Kharatzadeh, Masoud; Ahmadi, Vahab Khan; Oliveira, Rafael; Clemente, Filipe Manuel; Badicu, Georgian; Murawska-Ciałowicz, EugeniaPurpose: The aim of this study was to test the effects of high-intensity resistance training (HIRT) intervention on the physical fitness, hormonal and antioxidant factors of adult male soccer players. Methods: A randomized controlled study design was implemented. Eighteen soccer players (age: 20.3 ± 0.66 years; stature: 174.0 ± 6.01 cm; body mass: 69.1 ± 6.4 kg; body mass index: 22.8 ± 1.6 kg/m2 ) voluntarily participated in this study. Players were assessed before and after an intervention lasting 8 weeks, with three training sessions a week. Assessments of physical fitness included the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (YYIRT1), 10-, 20-, and 30 m sprint time (ST), running-based anaerobic sprint test (RAST) and change-of-direction time (COD). Hormonal tests ncluded cortisol, testosterone and growth hormone (GH), whereas the antioxidant assessment included superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH). Results: Between-group analysis revealed no significant differences at baseline, whereas it revealed that HIRT presented significant better results than the control group on YYIRT (p = 0.032), 10 m ST (p = 0.041), 20 m ST (p = 0.040), 30 m ST (p = 0.044), RAST (p = 0.013), and COD (p = 0.031) after the intervention period. The within group analysis revealed that the HIRT group significantly improved the YYIRT1 (p < 0.001), VO2max (p < 0.001), 10 m ST (p < 0.001), 20 m ST (p = 0.006), 30 m ST (p < 0.001), RAST (p < 0.001) and COD (p < 0.001). Moreover, HIRT group significantly reduced the cortisol (p < 0.001) and MDA (p = 0.021), whereas it significantly increased the GH (p < 0.001), testosterone (p < 0.001), SOD (p = 0.009) and GSH (p = 0.005). Conclusions: The HIRT is effective for improving physical fitness, revealing significant better adaptations than controls. Moreover, hormonal and antioxidant adaptations are also confirmed after HIRT intervention.
- Passion, grit, and mindset in undergraduate sport sciences studentsPublication . Frontini, R.; Sigmundsson, Hermundur; Antunes, Raul; Silva, Ana Filipa; Lima, Ricardo; Clemente, Filipe ManuelThe aim of this study was two-fold: (i) to compare passion, grit and mindset between sexes; and (ii) to analyze the relationships between passion, grit and mindset. Fifty-eight men (age: 20.10 ± 2.70 years old) and forty-eight women (age: 19.27 ± 4.10 years old) sports sciences undergraduate students voluntarily participated in this study. A cross-sectional survey design was followed. The passion scale, grit scale and mindset scale were provided to participants. Comparisons in the passion, grit and mindset items revealed no significant differences between sexes (p > 0.05). Relationships between passion, grit and mindset were tested. Overall (both sexes considered), correlations presented small magnitudes in the pair's passion*grit (r = 0.28; 95%CI [-0.07; 0.31]; p = 0.004), passion*mindset (r = 0.203; 95%CI [0.01; 0.38]; p = 0.043) and grit*mindset (r = 0.06; 95%CI [-0.14; 0.25]; p = 0.574). As conclusions, the present study did not find significant differences in passion, grit and mindset between sexes in undergraduate sports sciences students. Additionally, it was verified that relationships between passion, grit and mindset are small in this population.
- Physical Fitness Variations between Those Playing More and Those Playing Less Time in the Matches: A Case-Control Study in Youth Soccer PlayersPublication . Silva, Ana Filipa; Clemente, Filipe Manuel; Leão, César; Oliveira, Rafael; Badicu, Georgian; Nobari, Hadi; Poli, Luca; Carvutto, Roberto; Greco, Gianpiero; Fischetti, Francesco; Cataldi, StefaniaThe purpose of this study was (i) to compare two groups (players with more vs. less match play time) regarding body composition, vertical and horizontal jumping performance, and aerobic capacity; and (ii) to test the relationships between physical fitness and play time. This study followed a case-control design in which the outcome was playtime, and the causal attribute was physical fitness. Sixty-six youth male soccer players from under-16 (n = 21), under-17 (n = 19), under-18 (n = 12), and under-19 (n = 14) age groups were monitored for match play time during five months of observation. Inclusion criteria consisted of (1) no absence of more than a week due to injury or other conditions during the five months of observation and (2) physical assessments having been done simultaneously with those of the other players (at the beginning of the season). The exclusion criteria were (1) not participating in one week or more of training sessions, and (2) not participating in the physical fitness assessments. At the beginning of the season, players were assessed for anthropometry (height, body mass, skinfolds), countermovement jump, triple hop bilateral and unilateral jump, and aerobic capacity using the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test, level 2 (YYIRT). The group that played more time had significantly greater YYIRT results (+28.2%; p = 0.009; Cohen’s d = 0.664). No other significant differences were found between those who played more and fewer minutes. Moderate and significant linear positive correlations were found between YYIRT and play time in the under-19 group (r = 0.423; p = 0.031) and overall (r = 0.401; p < 0.001). In the case of the under-17 group, moderate and significant linear positive correlations were found between TSA and play time (r = 0.473; p = 0.041). This suggests that aerobic and anaerobic capacity is related to play time while jumping performance and fat mass seem not to play an essential role in play time.